| 托福考试结构 |
| 添加时间：2020/9/3 15:26:11 浏览次数： |
| 2005年9月，美国教育考试服务中心ETS在全球推出了一种全新的综合英语测试方法，即能够反映在一流大专院校教学和校园生活中对语言实际需求的新托福考试，即TOEFL iBT(Internet Based Test）。 In September 2005, ETS launched a new comprehensive English Test Method in the world, that is, TOEFL iBT (Internet based test), which can reflect the actual needs of language in teaching and campus life in first-class colleges and universities. 新托福由四部分组成，分别是阅读（Reading）、听力(Listening）、口试（Speaking）、写作（Writing）。每部分满分30分，整个试题满分120分。 The new TOEFL consists of four parts: reading, listening, speaking and writing. 30 points for each part and 120 points for the whole question. 一、阅读（Reading）：有三篇文章 1、 Reading: there are three articles 与老托福不同的是，考生不需要在答题之前通读全文，而是在做题的过程中分段阅读文章。每篇文章对应有11道试题，均为选择题。除了最后一道试题之外，其他试题都是针对文章的某一部分提问，试题的出现顺序与文章的段落顺序一致。最后一题针对整篇文章提问，要求考生从多条选择项中挑选若干项对全文进行总结或归纳。新一代托福阅读文章的篇幅比老托福阅读文章的篇幅略长，在此时限中考生可以复查、修改已递交的答案。 Different from the old TOEFL, the examinee does not need to read the whole text before answering the question, but reads the article in sections in the process of making the question. Each article has 11 questions, all of which are multiple choice questions. In addition to the last question, the other questions are for a part of the article, the order of the questions is consistent with the paragraph order of the article. The last question is about the whole article. The examinee is required to select several items from multiple choices to summarize or summarize the full text. The length of the reading articles of the new generation of TOEFL is slightly longer than that of the old ones. In this time limit, candidates can review and modify the submitted answers. 二、听力（Listening）：取消了短对话 2、 Listening: the short dialogue was cancelled 由两篇较长的校园情景对话和四篇课堂演讲组成，课堂演讲每篇长约5分钟。由于是机考，考生在听录音资料之前无法得知试题。在播放录音资料时，电脑屏幕上会显示相应的背景图片。考生可以在听音过程中记笔记。考生不能复查、修改已递交的答案。这个部分持续大约50分钟。 It consists of two long campus situational dialogues and four classroom lectures, each of which is about 5 minutes long. Because it is a computer-based test, candidates can not know the test questions before listening to the recorded materials. When playing the recording material, the computer screen will display the corresponding background picture. Candidates can take notes while listening. Candidates are not allowed to review or modify the submitted answers. This part lasts about 50 minutes. 听力水平无疑是新托福成功与否的关键，除阅读外，无论哪一部分都离不开“听”。对于中国考生来说，听力却正是薄弱环节。中国考生提高听力的其中一条有效途径是“听写法”，即把相关听力材料拿来精听，并把听到的内容逐句写下来。也有专门用来练习新托福听写的软件。“听写法”提高听力的一个缺点是，刚开始练习时可能比较费时。 Listening level is undoubtedly the key to the success of new TOEFL. Apart from reading, no matter what part is inseparable from "listening". For Chinese examinees, listening is the weak link. One of the effective ways for Chinese examinees to improve their listening ability is "listening and writing", that is, taking relevant listening materials for intensive listening and writing down what they hear sentence by sentence. There are also special software for practicing dictation of new TOEFL. One of the disadvantages of "listening and writing" in improving listening is that it may be time-consuming at the beginning of practice. 三、口试（Speaking）：把TSE(Test of Spoken English）融合在新托福中。 3、 Speaking: integrate TSE (test of spoken English) into new TOEFL. 然而与现行的TSE相比又有较大改动。这个部分共有6题，持续约20分钟。 However, compared with the current TSE, it has a great change. There are six questions in this section, lasting about 20 minutes. 第一、二题要求考生就某一话题阐述自己的观点。 Questions 1 and 2 require candidates to state their views on a certain topic. 第三、四题要求考生首先在45秒内阅读一段短文，随后短文隐去，播放一段与短文有关的对话或课堂演讲。最后，要求考生根据先前阅读的短文和播放的对话或课堂演讲回答相关问题，考生有30秒钟的准备时间，然后进行60秒钟的回答。例如，短文中描述了对学校体育馆进行扩建的两种方案，对话中一位同学阐述了自己的立场，即赞成哪种方案，反对哪种方案，并列举了若干理由。要求考生叙述对话中同学的立场并解释他/她列举了哪些理由支持这一观点。 Questions 3 and 4 require candidates to read a short passage within 45 seconds. Then the passage is hidden and plays a dialogue or class speech related to the passage. Finally, the candidates are required to answer the relevant questions according to the passage they have read and the dialogues or lectures they have played. The candidates have 30 seconds to prepare and then answer 60 seconds. For example, the essay describes two plans for the expansion of the school gymnasium. In the dialogue, one of the students expounds his position, that is, which one is in favor of and which one is against, and lists several reasons. Ask the examinee to describe the position of the student in the dialogue and explain what reasons he / she listed to support this view. 第五、六题要求考生听一段校园情景对话或课堂演讲，然后回答相关问题。考生有20秒钟的准备时间，之后进行60秒钟的回答。例如，先播放一段市场学课堂演讲，演讲中教授列举了两种市场调查的方法，然后要求考生使用课堂演讲中的观点和例子描述教授列举出的两种市场调查的方法。 The fifth and sixth questions require the examinee to listen to a scene dialogue or classroom speech on campus, and then answer the relevant questions. Candidates have 20 seconds to prepare and 60 seconds to answer. For example, let's play a lecture on marketing, in which the professor lists two methods of market research, and then asks candidates to describe the two methods of market research listed by the professor using the viewpoints and examples in the lecture. 考生可以在听音过程中记笔记以帮助答题。在准备和答题时，屏幕上会显示倒计时的时钟。 Candidates can take notes during listening to help answer questions. When preparing and answering questions, the countdown clock will be displayed on the screen. 四、写作（Writing）要求考生在1小时内完成两篇作文。 4、 Writing requires candidates to complete two compositions in one hour. 其中一篇类似于老托福的写作，要求考生在30分钟内就某一话题阐述自己的观点，字数要求为300字以上。 One of them is similar to the old TOEFL writing, requiring candidates to elaborate their views on a certain topic within 30 minutes, and the number of words required is more than 300 words. 另一篇则要求考生首先阅读一篇文章，五分钟以后，文章隐去，播放一段与文章有关的课堂演讲。课堂演讲列举了一些论据反驳文章中的论点、论据。随后要求考生在20分钟内写一篇作文，总结课堂演讲的论点、论据，并陈述这些论点、论据是如何反驳文章的论点、论据的，字数要求为150字到225字之间。在写作时，文章会重新显示在屏幕上。这篇作文不要求考生阐述自己的观点。 The other one asks the examinee to read an article first. After five minutes, the article disappears and plays a lecture related to the article. Some arguments are listed in the article. Then ask the candidates to write a composition within 20 minutes, summarize the arguments and arguments of the class speech, and state how these arguments and arguments refute the arguments and arguments of the article. The number of words required is between 150 and 225 words. As you write, the article reappears on the screen. This composition does not require the examinee to state his / her point of view. 五、加试 5、 Additional test 一般实际考试中，考生往往会在听力或阅读部分碰到加试试题，也有可能阅读、听力两部分同时被加试。加试部分不算分（有人说会算分，说是抽几题给分），但考生事先并不知道哪一部分是加试部分（有的时候经典加试是能判断出来的），所以应该认真对待。 In general, in the actual examination, examinees often encounter additional questions in the listening or reading part, and may also be added to the two parts of reading and listening at the same time. The additional part of the test does not count (some people say that they can calculate the score, that is, they take several questions to give the score), but the examinee does not know which part is the additional part in advance (sometimes the classic additional test can be judged), so it should be taken seriously. |
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